Annual Report: State of Student Learning in 2025

Five years following the abrupt closures of schools in March 2020, academic recovery at the national level remains elusive for many. Yet, there is nuance to these patterns, with some groups more affected by pandemic closures than others. This report provides an in-depth analysis of student achievement in reading and mathematics during the 2024–2025 school year, examining which trends in achievement have proved durable while identifying variation to these patterns. The report leverages a nationally representative sample to accurately reflect national trends while offering insight into unique subgroup patterns.

Results show that nationally, students are not demonstrating comparable levels of achievement to pre-pandemic, these achievement levels appear more stable over time, and trends vary depending on the student group evaluated.